Musculoskeletal System

The musculoskeletal system, which comprises bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments, allows us to move and supports bodily functions. It provides a structural framework for the body and protects internal organs. Working together with the nervous system, it allows for smooth, coordinated and graceful movements. Each component of the musculoskeletal system, however, may be injured during sports activities. 

Bone
Our bones provide support to the human body. There are two types of bones –the compact bone and the cancellous bone. A human body has 206 bones, all of which play a major role in protecting organs, supporting bodily movements, producing bone marrow and storing minerals, among other functions. A fracture of the bone is one of the most common sports injuries. 

Joint
A joint is where two bones meet and join. A joint is usually connected by ligaments or cartilage, allowing movement and rotation. Inappropriate exercise or an injury may cause arthritis or joint dislocation. 

Muscle
Muscles are bundles of small muscle filaments. They are the only contractile tissue in the human body. Skeletal muscle is the only human muscle that is capable of the voluntary contractions that make movement possible. They are mostly vulnerable to strains, cramps and tears during exercises. 

Tendon
Tendons are made of tough fibrous tissue. They extend from our muscles and connect them to our bones. Excessive pulling may cause excessive tension in the tendons or even tear them apart at the location where they are connected to muscles. 

Ligament
Ligaments are tough, flexible fibre-like tissues that connect and stabilise the joints. They also restrict the movement of the joints. Ligaments may become strained or even torn apart if they are excessively twisted and rotated.