Surgery

Why It’s Done (Indications) 

Used to examine the full length of your large intestine (colon and rectum). It is performed to screen for colon cancer, detect and remove polyps, or investigate chronic diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, or unexplained weight loss.

How to Prepare (Preparations)

• Medications: Inform your doctor about any blood thinners or diabetes medications, as they may need temporary adjustment.
• Bowel Prep: You are required to receive low residue diet for 3 days prior to colonoscopy and then a strict clear-liquid diet the day before and drink a prescribed laxative solution to clear all stool from your bowel.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water or clear fluids to prevent dehydration during the prep process.
   

What Happens (Procedural Details)

1. You will be lying on your side, and medications are given through an IV to put you to sleep.
2. A long, flexible camera tube (colonoscope) is carefully inserted through the anus and guided along the entire colon.
3. Carbon dioxide or air is inflated to expand the intestinal folds for a detailed inspection.
4. If polyps (precancerous growths) are found, the doctor uses tiny wire loops passed through the tube to snip them off painlessy before removing the scope.
    

Recovery (Postoperative Care)

• You will recover for about an hour while the sedation fades.
• You may pass gas frequently for a few hours, which is normal and helps relieve mild cramping.
• Normal light eating after around 1hr, but driving is prohibited for 24 hours.
   

Risks (Potential Complications)

• Cramping or gaseous bloating.
• Bleeding, especially after a polyp removal (usually stops on its own).
• Tear in the wall of the colon (perforation), which is rare but requires urgent attention.