Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Our doctor will begin by assessing your symptoms and conducting a physical examination to evaluate the size of the uterus. An ultrasound will then be performed to accurately identify the number, size and location of any fibroids (benign non-cancerous growths). 

Following the evaluation, the doctor will discuss various management options tailored to your condition. These can include conservative approaches, medical treatments for menorrhagia and surgical solutions. Surgical options may involve hysteroscopic resection, laparoscopic or open myomectomy, or laparoscopic or abdominal hysterectomy, depending on the fibroids' size and placement. 

Non-surgical treatments are also available, such as Uterine Fibroid Embolisation (UFE). While Non-Invasive MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Treatment is an alternative option, it is currently not available at HKSH.

Cervical and endometrial polyps are benign growths that can develop on the cervix or within the uterine lining. These polyps can cause a range of symptoms, including intermenstrual bleeding, postmenstrual spotting, post-coital bleeding or menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding). 

To diagnose and assess polyps, our doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination and perform an ultrasound. This allows us to determine the size, number, and precise location of the polyps, which is crucial for planning appropriate treatment. 

For cervical polyps, removal can often be performed directly in the clinic using an instrument called a ring forceps. 

Endometrial polyps, however, are located inside the uterus and require a different approach. To remove these polyps, a hysteroscopic resection is necessary.

Ovarian cysts come in various types, including functional cysts, endometriotic cysts, dermoid cysts, mucinous cystadenomas and serous cystadenomas. Cysts larger than 5cm pose a higher risk of complications, such as rupture, bleeding, torsion or leaking. To accurately determine the nature of a cyst, a histological examination is necessary. 

At our clinic, the doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination and ultrasound to assess the size, location and probable type of cyst. For small, simple cysts, conservative management may be appropriate. In cases of endometriotic cysts, medical treatment could be considered as an option. 

When surgical intervention is required, we offer various treatments. These include laparoscopic or open ovarian cystectomy. In some cases, a laparoscopic or open salpingo-oophorectomy may be necessary, which entails the removal of both the ovary and fallopian tube. Our team will discuss the most suitable treatment option based on your individual case and needs.

Our doctor will carefully review your menstrual calendar with you, identifying any patterns or concerns that may require attention. 

While hormonal imbalances are often the root cause of menstrual irregularities, other conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, cervical polyps or even cancer of the uterus could also be contributing factors. To ensure a thorough evaluation, our doctor will perform a physical examination and ultrasound to check for any abnormalities in the cervix, uterus and ovaries. 

In some cases, blood tests may be recommended to assess your hormone levels. Based on the findings, our doctor may suggest medical treatment with hormones to help regulate your menstrual cycles.

Menstrual pain, or dysmenorrhea, can be categorised into two types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea occurs in the absence of any underlying pelvic pathology, while secondary dysmenorrhea results from identifiable organic diseases. Common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea include conditions such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, submucosal fibroids and endometrial polyps. 

To determine the type and cause of your dysmenorrhea, our doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination and perform an ultrasound. 

Based on the findings, our doctor will develop a personalised treatment plan. This may include medication such as analgesics or hormonal treatments.

Our doctor will enquire on the characteristics of your discharge, including its amount, colour and any unusual odour. We'll also ask about associated symptoms such as vaginal itchiness or pain. 

A physical examination will be performed to inspect the vagina and assess the nature of the discharge. We may collect vaginal swabs for culture to check for potential infections and, if needed, recommend screening for sexually transmitted diseases.

Patients experiencing pelvic inflammatory disease typically present with a combination of symptoms, including abdominal pain, fever and abnormal vaginal discharge. 

Our doctor will take a comprehensive history and perform a thorough physical examination to check for signs and symptoms of infection.